Replication for External Validity in Single-Subject Research
To build confidence in the external validity of their findings, single-subject researchers rely heavily on systematic replication. They attempt to reproduce observed effects using different small samples, often with slightly different types of participants or under varied environmental conditions.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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Addressing External Validity in Single-Subject Research
Example of External Validity Concerns in Single-Subject Research
Generalizability of Strong Effects in Single-Subject Research
Why is the external validity of single-subject research frequently questioned by critics?
If a single-subject study demonstrates that a specific behavioral intervention successfully reduces self-injury in two children, a critic questioning the study's external validity would argue that these results may not necessarily apply to other children in the broader population.
A researcher conducts a single-subject study with three children to evaluate a new social-skills training program. Match each element of this research scenario to its role in a critique of the study's external validity.
A researcher finds that a new intervention successfully reduces social anxiety in two college students. Arrange the following logical steps to represent the process of analyzing why these findings might not apply to the broader population.
Generalization of Single-Subject Self-Injury Treatment
Replication for External Validity in Single-Subject Research
An educational psychologist conducts a single-subject study and demonstrates that a specialized visual-schedule intervention successfully reduces transition-related anxiety in two specific children with developmental delays. If a critic questions the external validity of these findings, what is the core of their concern?
A peer reviewer evaluates a single-subject study involving two participants and concludes that the findings should not be used to inform national healthcare guidelines. This judgment is based on the study's inherent deficiency in _____ validity.
Critics of single-subject research frequently question its external validity because of the difficulty in knowing whether the observed treatment effects will successfully _____ to other individuals in the broader population.
A clinical psychologist publishes a single-subject study showing that a new behavioral intervention successfully reduces self-injury in two children with intellectual disabilities. If they claim this study proves the treatment will be effective for all children with intellectual delays, this claim is invalid because it ignores the inherent external validity concerns caused by the small sample size of single-subject designs.
A researcher publishes a single-subject study examining a treatment for self-injury. Match the elements from the study's critique to their correct descriptions or roles in evaluating external validity.
A researcher claims a self-injury treatment is ready for general use based on a single-subject study of two children. Order the steps an evaluator should take to assess the external validity of this claim, from the initial observation to the final evaluation.
Learn After
How do single-subject researchers primarily build confidence in the external validity of their findings?
Match each strategy used to enhance the external validity of single-subject research with its specific role in the scientific process.
A researcher finds that a specific 'sensory break' reduces disruptive behaviors for a child with autism in a quiet classroom. If the researcher then implements the same sensory break for the same child in the same classroom the following week to ensure the results are consistent, they are performing a systematic replication to increase external validity.
A researcher has demonstrated that a specific 'pause-and-think' strategy reduces impulsive errors for a 9-year-old student during math tasks in a private tutoring session. Arrange the following replication attempts in the order that logically builds a case for the external validity of this strategy, progressing from the most similar conditions to the most diverse.
In single-subject research, researchers build confidence in the external validity of their findings by systematically replicating the study using different small samples or varied environmental conditions.
A researcher has found that using a 'visual schedule' significantly reduces anxiety for a 7-year-old child with autism in a private therapy clinic. To build confidence in the external validity of this finding through systematic replication, match each follow-up study scenario to the specific factor it varies.
A researcher has developed a social-skills intervention and needs to build a case for its external validity using a single-subject approach. Arrange the following steps in the logical order they should be performed to transition from an initial success to a claim of generalizability.
Systematic replication in single-subject research involves attempting to reproduce observed effects by using the exact same participants under identical environmental conditions.
In single-subject research, what is the primary method used to build confidence in the external validity of the findings?
A peer reviewer evaluates a single-subject study on a new therapy and notes that while the results are consistent for one patient, the study fails to address the treatment's effectiveness for different age groups. To meet the reviewer's criteria for evaluating the study's generalizability, the researcher should have performed _____ replication.
A researcher claims their single-subject intervention is ready for broad application after testing it on three similar students in a single classroom. To evaluate the merit of this claim, a peer reviewer would note that the researcher lacks evidence from _____ replication, which is necessary to determine if the effect holds across different participant types or environmental settings.