 SEM (Standard Error of Mean) was used to analyze the causation among the variables

Hypotheses:
- H1: Teaching presence has a positive effect on social and cognitive presence.
- H2: Social presence has a positive effect on cognitive presence.
- H3:Teaching, social and cognitive presence, and perceived usefulness and ease of use have positive effects on learner satisfaction.
- H4: Teaching, social and cognitive presence, perceived usefulness and ease of use, and learner satisfaction have positive effects on learner persistence.
- H5: Teaching presence has an indirect, positive effect on cognitive presence, mediated by social presence.
- H6: Teaching, social and cognitive presence, and perceived usefulness and ease of use have indirect, positive effects on learner persistence, mediated by learner satisfaction.

Hypothesized Research Model

The study purpose was to examine:
- the effect of teaching, social and cognitive presence, and perceived usefulness and ease of use of an online learning platform on learner satisfaction and persistence.
- the relationships among the three presence variables by testing the mediating effect of social presence. 
- and the mediating effect of learner satisfaction.

San Jose State University

Learners' satisfaction and persistence are two major indicators of success in an online learning course. The more students are satisfied with their learning, the more they are willing to continue said learning. The community inquiry framework (COI) is a robust pedagogical model to try to resolve this concern. This study aims to integrate perceived presence (teacher, social, and cognitive) and perceived technology usefulness to identify relationships among these variables.

Online university students' satisfaction and persistence

Joo, Y. J., Lim, K. Y., & Kim, E. K. (2011). Online university students satisfaction and persistence: Examining perceived level of presence, usefulness and ease of use as predictors in a structural model. Computers & Education, 57(2), 1654-1664. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.02.008

Online university students satisfaction and persistence: Examining perceived level of presence, usefulness and ease of use as predictors in a structural model

Research Hypotheses: Perceived Presence, Use, & Learner Persistence & Satisfaction

- Participants: identify the sample (709 students enrolled in online computer skill course)
- Measurement instruments: adapted from pre-existing instruments (adapted from Garrison et al., 2004; Davis, 1981; Shin, 2003)
- Data collection: two surveys were dispersed
- Data Analysis: analyzed using SSPS 12.0


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