Recent research suggests that, rather than having a deficit in short-term memory, these patients have a general problem with encoding non-semantic information, in both short-term and long-term memory. Research does not support short term and long term memory being entirely independent from one another. Eventually, the modal model was rejected, and in its place, two different perspectives emerged. One perspective explores the processes supporting short-term memory, while the other explores how short-term processing and long-term performance are related.