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Resolute Endurance and Hopeless Perseverance in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 47, Poem 69)
In Chapter 47, Poem 69 of the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar uses the metaphor of a candle to illustrate resolute endurance in the face of absolute hopelessness. The candle must stand on its feet (هم بر سر پای) and endure perpetual burning (سوز دگر) with every single breath until the dawn comes, symbolising how human life, despite lacking hope, must be spent in upright, active perseverance rather than passive submission or collapse.
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Updated 2026-07-06
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course