COVID-19 has created significant psychological stress and has been associated with a prevalence of several mental illnesses among those who have been affected by it. This cross-sectional study of 675 patients in Wuhan, China that were discharged after COVID-19 treatment examines various risk factors for anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms using demographic data, hospital treatment information, and perceived social stigma collected from a survey 1-month after discharge. Moderate to severe anxiety was reported by 10.4% of patients, and moderate to severe depression was found among 19%. The findings of this study show that perceived discrimination, living with children, and severity of disease were found to be significant factors across all three mental illnesses, and suggest the importance of providing mental health resources after recovery.