The process of memorizing new information 

Examples:
- Memorizing concept definitions or propositional statements or computational procedures.
- Typical objective tests 
- Short-answer tests 

Syracuse University

- Believed that learning takes place by the assimilation of new concepts and propositions into existing concept and propositional frameworks held by the learner
- This knowledge structure as held by a learner is also referred to as the individual’s cognitive structure. 
- Distinguished between rote learning and meaningful learning

David Ausbel's Theory 

Our first concepts develop from birth to three years old, when they recognize regularities in the world around them and can identify language labels or symbols for these regularities 
- Discovery learning process: where the attributes of concepts are identified autonomously by the learner
- Reception learning process: where the attributes of concepts are described using language and transmitted to the learner (after age 3)

This acquisition is mediated in a very important way when concrete experiences or props are available; hence the importance of “hands-on” activity for science learning with young children, but is also true with learners of any age and in any subject matter domain.

Psychological Foundation of Concept Maps

Novak, Joseph & Cañas, Alberto. (2007). Theoretical origins of concept maps, how to construct them, and uses in education. Reflecting Education. 3. 

Theoretical origins of concept maps, how to construct them, and uses in education.

Meaningful learning requires three conditions: 
- The material to be learned must be conceptually clear and presented with language and examples relatable to the learner’s prior knowledge. 
- The learner must possess relevant prior knowledge. 
- The learner must choose to learn meaningfully.

Instructional strategies that emphasize relating new knowledge to the learner’s existing knowledge foster meaningful learning, as do evaluation strategies that encourage learners to use ideas they possess for solution of novel problems.

Learn Before

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