Concept

Sama as the Influx of Truth and the Beginner's Incapacity to Bear It in Kashf al-Mahjub

In this section of Hujwiri's chapter on sama (spiritual audition) in Kashf al-Mahjub, sama is defined as a warid haqq — an incoming manifestation of Truth — and as earnestness purified from jest and frivolity. Hujwiri argues that the beginner's temperament (tab-i mubtadi) is not yet capable of receiving the discourse of Truth. When that divine meaning descends upon an unprepared nature, it overturns the soul with burning (hurqat) and overpowering (qahr), so that some listeners faint and others perish, and no one remains within the bounds of moderation. The passage thus distinguishes the realized adept, who can sustain the influx of sama, from the beginner whose nature is overwhelmed by it, framing sama not as diversion but as a direct and perilous encounter with the divine.

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Updated 2026-07-20

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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course