Concept

Sanai's Critique of Hypocritical Scholars and Moral Decay in Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In Chapter 9, Section 2 of Hadiqat al-Haqiqah (The Walled Garden of Truth), Sanai delivers a scathing critique of the moral and spiritual decay of the pseudo-scholars of his time. He condemns these individuals for acquiring merely superficial, deceptive knowledge for worldly gain while remaining completely ignorant of true spiritual wisdom. Sanai employs vivid animal imagery—comparing these pretentious scholars to donkeys, oxen, camels, and wild beasts—to emphasize how they are entirely governed by their primal desires, such as gluttony, lust, anger, and greed. By showing that both the leader (imam) and the student (mustomli) become indistinguishable once dominated by physical passions, Sanai highlights how the abandonment of spiritual discipline reduces human beings to an animalistic state.

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Updated 2026-07-03

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Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course