In this section of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sana'i of Ghazna explores the Prophet Muhammad's designation as a mercy to the worlds (*rahmatan lil-alamin*). He highlights the Prophet's cosmic primacy, depicting him as the first in creation (*awwal al-fikr*) but the last in prophetic mission (*akhir al-amal*). Sana'i employs rich Sufi metaphysics and imagery, connecting the Prophet to the Universal Soul (*nafs-i kull*) and the Holy Spirit, illustrating that the physical and spiritual realms derive their ultimate value, light, and order from his existence.

Sana'i's Portrayal of the Prophet as a Universal Mercy and Cosmic Origin in Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In Section 2 of Sanai's *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, the inception of prophethood is described through the creation of Adam. Sanai explains that Adam was created from non-existence and received a primordial divine light or lamp, which represents the source of prophetic guidance. Although Adam was endowed with divine secrets and the water of life was kneaded into his clay, Sanai emphasizes his human limits, asserting that he was not the absolute knower of the unseen (*Ghayb-dan*), which is a quality reserved solely for God. This distinction highlights the relationship between early prophetic history and the transmission of the divine light.

The Primordial Prophetic Light and Adam in Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In Section 6 of Sanai's *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, the absolute superiority of the Prophet Muhammad over all preceding prophets is articulated through theological and mystical metaphors. Sanai portrays the Prophet as a singular, unified entity of divine grace ('one person who is all'), contrasted with other prophets who received only partial portions. The text emphasizes his supreme spiritual authority, noting that his character (*khulq*) represents the most noble caravan and his sweat the most honorable lineage. Sanai asserts his status as the Seal of the Prophets by referencing the tradition *La Nabiyya Ba'di* (There is no prophet after me) and describes his spiritual determination (*himmat*) as seeking only the Highest Companion (*al-Rafiq al-A'la*), thus establishing his cosmic preeminence.

Sana'i's Portrayal of the Prophet's Superiority Over Previous Prophets in Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In Section 10 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sana'i of Ghazna interprets the Quranic designation of the Prophet Muhammad as a mercy to the worlds (*rahmatan lil-alamin*) by depicting him as the ultimate spiritual physician (*tabib*). Sana'i asserts that the Prophet's intellect (*khirad*) and discipline (*adab*) are the cure for human souls afflicted by worldly passions (*hawa and havas*). The verses counsel seekers to rely on the Prophet's guidance rather than their own sensory perception (*hiss*) and imagination (*wahm*), which only keep them at the threshold of truth.

Sana'i's Portrayal of the Prophet as the Spiritual Physician and Guide in Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In Section 11 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sanai outlines the spiritual benefits and metaphysical protective power of sending blessings upon the Prophet Muhammad and invoking his name. Sanai highlights that mentioning the Prophet's name eliminates fear of worldly difficulties, repels hellfire, and elevates the human intellect and soul. In Sufi cosmology as presented by Sanai, the soul's true nobility and eternal existence depend entirely on its devotion and connection to the Prophet.

The Salvific and Protective Power of the Prophet's Name in Sana'i's Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In Section 12 of Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, Sanai of Ghazna illustrates Prophet Muhammad's superiority over previous prophets by referencing their respective spiritual states and trials. Sanai depicts figures like Adam seeking forgiveness, Noah seeking refuge in the Prophet's protection, Moses seeking the divine vision (arani) at his door, and Jesus being associated with his praise. Through these classical prophetic allusions, Sanai reinforces the Sufi doctrine of the Prophet's ontological primacy and spiritual supremacy.

Sana'i's Portrayal of the Prophet's Superiority Over Key Prophets in Section 12 of Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In Section 13 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sana'i describes the spiritual and physical attributes of Prophet Muhammad, emphasizing his absolute perfection. The poem explicitly references traditional Islamic and eschatological titles bestowed upon the Prophet, such as 'Hashir' (the Gatherer), 'Aqib' (the Last in succession), and 'Mahi' (the Effacer of disbelief). By utilizing these titles, Sana'i underscores the Prophet's definitive role in the divine plan, illustrating him as the ultimate guide (Imam) who unites heavenly intellect with earthly manifestation and serves as the highest standard for spiritual realization.

Sana'i's Depiction of the Prophet's Attributes and Divine Titles in Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In the introductory section of *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sanai of Ghazna establishes the theological and Sufi foundations of Prophet Muhammad's superiority over all other prophets. By incorporating key Quranic verses (such as depicting him as a mercy to the worlds) and prominent Hadith traditions (including *laulaka* and the Prophet's pre-existence before the creation of Adam), Sanai highlights the cosmic role, spiritual primacy, and ontological precedence of the Prophet in Sufi cosmology.

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## Original content
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خیرالکلام بعد کلام الملک العلام فضیلة محمدالنبی المختار علیه السلام، قال الله تعالی: ان الله و ملائکته یصلون علی النبی یا ایهاالذین آمنوا صلواة علیه و سلموا تسلیما، و قال ایضا: انا ارسلناک شاهدا و مبشرا و نذیرا و داعیا الی الله باذنه و سراجا و منیرا، و قال الله تعالی: و ما ارسلناک الا رحمة للعالمین، و قال النبی علیه السلام: انا اول الانبیاء خلقا و آخرهم بعثا، و قال علیه السلام: انا خاتم الانبیاء و لانبی بعدی و قال علیه السلام: کنت نبیا و ادم بین الماء والطین، و قال صلی الله علیه و سلم حکایة عن الله سبحانه و تعالی انه قال عزوجل خطابا له: لولاک لما خلقت الافلاک، و قال علیه السلام انا سید ولد آدم ولافخر، و آدم و من دونه تحت لوائی یوم القیمة ولافخر. 
احمد مرسل آن چراغ جهان
رحمت عالم آشکار و نهان 
آمد اندر جهان جان هرکس
جان جانها محمد آمد و بس 
تا بخندید بر سپهر جلی
آفتاب سعادت ازلی 
نامد اندر سراسر آفاق
پای مردی چنوی بر میثاق 
آن سپهرش چه بارگاه ازل
آفتابش که احمد مرسل 
آدمی زنده اند از جانش
انبیا گشته اند مهمانش 
شرع او را فلک مسلم کرد
خانه بر بام چرخ اعظم کرد 
اندر آمد به بارگاه خدای
دامن خواجگی کشان در پای 
پیش او سجده کرده عالم دون
زنده گشته چو مسجد ذوالنون 
زبدهٔ جان پاک آدم ازو
معنی بکر لفظ محکم ازو 
جان عاقل جهان بدو دیده
زانش بر جان خویش بگزیده 
انبیا ریخته هم از زر اوی
هرچه شان نقد بود بر سر اوی 
تا شب نیست صبح هستی زاد
آفتابی چون او ندارد یار 
همه شاگرد و او مدرسشان
همه مزدور و او مهندسشان 
او سری بود و عقل گردن او
او دلی بود و انبیا تن او 
دل کند جسم را به آسانی
میزبانی به روح حیوانی 
کوشکش در ولایت تقدیس
صحن او بام خانهٔ ادریس 
آستان درش به روضهٔ انس
بوده بستان روح روح القدس 
کرده با شاه پر طاوسی
جلوه در بوستان قدوسی 
جان او خوانده پیش از آمد رق
ابجد لم یزل ز تختهٔ حق 
سر او سورهٔ وقا خوانده
دل او مرکب صفا رانده 
گوی بربوده دست منقبتش
پای بر سر نهاده مرتبتش 
عالم جزو را نظام بدو
غرض نفس کل تمام بدو 
قدمش را ازل بپیموده
بودهٔ کل کون و نابوده 
داده اشراف بر همه عالم
مر ورا کردگار لوح و قلم 
قدمش در ازل نفرسودست
ندمش در ابد نیاسودست 
علم او میزبان عالم داد
شرع او شحنهٔ خدای آباد 
آمد از رب سوی زمین عرب
چشمهٔ زندگانی اندر لب 
هم عرب هم عجم مسخر او
لقمه خواهان رحمت در او 
قابلی چون عتیقش اندر بر
قاتلی همچو حیدرش بر در 
فیض فضل خدای دایهٔ او
فر پر همای سایهٔ او 
چرخ پر چشم همچونرگس تر
عقل پر گوش همچو سیسنبر 
جان او دیده ز آسمان قدم
زادن عقل و آدم و عالم 
بلکه از عقل بیشتر دل او
دیده صنع خدای در گل او 
گفته او را به وقت وحی و وجل
جبرئیل امین که لاتعجل 
بوده چون نقش صورت خویشش
ماجراهای غیب در پیشش 
هست کرده ز لطف و نور گلشن
شرق و غرب ازل درون دلش

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## English translation
The best of speech after the speech of the King, the All-Knowing, is the virtue of Muhammad the chosen Prophet, peace be upon him. God the Exalted said: 'Indeed, Allah and His angels send blessings upon the Prophet. O you who have believed, ask [Allah to confer] blessing upon him and ask [Allah to grant him] peace.' And He also said: 'Indeed, We have sent you as a witness and a bringer of good tidings and a warner, and one who invites to Allah, by His permission, and an illuminating lamp.' And God the Exalted said: 'And We have not sent you except as a mercy to the worlds.' And the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 'I was the first of the prophets to be created, and the last of them to be sent.' And he, peace be upon him, said: 'I am the seal of the prophets, and there is no prophet after me.' And he, peace be upon him, said: 'I was a prophet while Adam was between water and clay.' And he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said, narrating from Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, that He, Mighty and Majestic, said in addressing him: 'Were it not for you, I would not have created the celestial spheres.' And he, peace be upon him, said: 'I am the master of the children of Adam, and no boast, and Adam and whoever is under him are under my banner on the Day of Resurrection, and no boast.'

Ahmad the messenger, that lamp of the world,
The mercy to the universe, manifest and hidden.
He came into the world as the soul of everyone;
The soul of souls, Muhammad came, and that is all.
Until there shone upon the clear sky
The sun of eternal felicity,
There came not in all the horizons
A champion like him for the Covenant.
That sky of his is like the court of eternity,
Its sun being Ahmad the messenger.
Mankind is alive through his soul;
The prophets have become his guests.
The sky acknowledged his religious law,
Making a house upon the roof of the supreme heaven.
He entered the court of God,
Dragging the skirt of mastership at his feet.
Before him bowed the lower world,
Becoming alive like the mosque of Dhu'l-Nun.
The essence of Adam's pure soul is from him;
The virgin meaning of the firm word is from him.
The wise soul saw the world through him,
Therefore choosing him over its own self.
Prophets also poured from his gold;
Whatever coin they had, they threw it over his head.
Since the night of non-existence gave birth to the dawn of existence,
It remembers no sun like him.
All are students and he is their teacher;
All are laborers and he is their architect.
He was a head and intellect was his neck;
He was a heart and the prophets were his body.
The heart easily manages the body,
Hosting the animal spirit.
His palace is in the domain of holiness;
Its courtyard is the roof of the house of Idris.
The threshold of his door to the garden of intimacy
Has been the spirit's garden of the Holy Spirit.
Displaying itself with the peacock feathers
In the holy garden.
His soul read, before the parchment arrived,
The alphabet of eternity from the tablet of Truth.
His inner secret read the Surah of protection;
His heart rode the steed of purity.
The hand of his virtue carried away the polo-ball;
His high rank placed its foot upon the head of all ranks.
The system of the particular world is through him;
The purpose of the Universal Soul is complete through him.
Eternity past measured his footstep,
The existence of the whole universe and its non-existence.
The Creator of the Tablet and Pen
Gave him sovereignty over the entire universe.
His footstep did not wear out in pre-eternity;
His companion did not rest in post-eternity.
His knowledge is the host of the world of justice;
His law is the prefect of God's populated city.
He came from the Lord towards the land of the Arabs,
With the spring of life upon his lips.
Both Arab and non-Arab are subject to him,
Seeking morsels of mercy at his door.
An accepting one like Atiq by his side;
A slayer like Haydar at his door.
The abundance of God's grace is his nurse;
The glory of the Huma's feathers is his shadow.
The sky is full of eyes like a fresh narcissus;
Intellect is all ears like wild thyme.
His soul witnessed, from the heaven of eternity,
The birth of intellect, Adam, and the universe;
Nay, even more than the intellect, his heart
Saw God's handiwork in his clay.
The trustworthy Gabriel said to him at the time of revelation and awe:
'Do not hasten.'
The events of the unseen were before him
Like the form of his own image.
The east and west of pre-eternity
Are made a garden through the grace and light within his heart.

بخش ۱ - اندر نعت پیامبر ما محمّد مصطفی علیه‌السّلام و فضیلت وی بر جمیع پیغمبران / Section 1 - In Praise of Our Prophet Muhammad Mustafa, Peace Be Upon Him, and His Superiority Over All Prophets

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