Sarbanes-Oxley established an independent public company accounting board to oversee audits of public companies, required one audit committee member to be a finance expert, required full disclosure to stockholders of complex financial transactions, and required CEOs and CFOs to certify in writing the validity of their companies' financial statements. Knowingly certifying false statements can lead to 20 years in prison and a $5 million fine, and accounting firms are prohibited from offering other services such as consulting while performing audits.