Zanin, L., Saraceno, G., Panciani, P. P., Renisi, G., Signorini, L., Migliorati, K., & Fontanella, M. M. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions. Acta Neurochirurgica, 1-4.
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00701-020-04374-x.pdf

Smith College

Symptoms: 
- 54yr CoV-19 patient had anosmia and dysgeusia early, while seizures occurred as COVID-19 complication. 
- Two seizures starting from right frontotemporal region and diffusing in homologous contralateral hemisphere
- The delayed CNS damage appears mediated by the immune system 

Possible causes: 
- The pro-inflammatory state induced by the cytokine storm may be responsible of the activation of glial cells with subsequent demyelination 
- Alternative could be the production of antibodies against glial cells triggered by the virus, as a para-infective or post-infective phenomenon. 



SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions


- COVID-19-associated ophthalmoparesis and hypothalamic involvement
- COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy
- COVID-19 associated  brain and spine demyelinating lesions
- COVID-19–associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy

Neurology Papers Related to COVID-19 Human Physiology

Dinkin, M., Gao, V., Kahan, J., Bobker, S., Simonetto, M., Wechsler, P., ... & Leifer, D. (2020). COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32358218/

COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy

Pascual-Goñi, E., Fortea, J., Martínez-Domeño, A., Rabella, N., Tecame, M., Gómez-Oliva, C., ... & Gómez-Ansón. (2020). COVID-19-associated ophthalmoparesis and hypothalamic involvement. https://nn.neurology.org/content/7/5/e823

COVID-19-associated ophthalmoparesis and hypothalamic involvement

Poyiadji, N., Shahin, G., Noujaim, D., Stone, M., Patel, S., & Griffith, B. (2020). COVID-19–associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features. Radiology, 201187.
https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiol.2020201187


COVID-19–associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: CT and MRI Features


Li, H., Xue, Q., & Xu, X. (2020). Involvement of the Nervous System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Neurotoxicity Research.
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12640-020-00219-8.pdf

Involvement of the Nervous System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Jukka Ylikoski, Marika Markkanen & Antti Mäkitie (2020) Pathophysiology of the COVID-19 – entry to the CNS through the nose, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 140:10, 886-889, 
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00016489.2020.1773533


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