- review previous research
- indicate a gap in previous research
- describe materials
- state findings
- support explanation of results

Examples of Functional Units in a Scholarly Article

Scholarly articles are peer-reviewed by professionals in the field and published in scholarly journals. 

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Professional journals are periodicals that publish original research articles, typically issued on a monthly or quarterly basis in volumes. As a primary component of the research literature, they undergo a rigorous peer review process to ensure quality and primarily feature empirical research reports and review articles.

Professional Journals

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Scholarly Articles

Review articles are publications within professional journals that summarize and synthesize previously published research on a specific topic. Instead of presenting new empirical data, they typically introduce novel ways to organize, explain, or interpret existing results, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in that area.

Review Articles

Double-blind peer review is an evaluation process used by most professional journals to ensure research meets basic field standards before entering the published literature. In this system, researchers submit a manuscript to an editor, who forwards it to expert reviewers; the process is 'double-blind' because the identities of both the researchers and the reviewers are kept strictly concealed from one another. Reviewers provide critical feedback and publication recommendations, which the editor uses to accept, reject, or request revisions for the manuscript.

Double-Blind Peer Review

An empirical research report is a formal article that presents the results of one or more new studies. The standard sections of an empirical research report provide a structured outline for presenting the research, detailing the specific methodology, findings, and conclusions.

Empirical Research Report

A review article summarizes and integrates previously published research on a topic rather than reporting a single new empirical study.

Review Article

In the context of psychological research literature, what key process distinguishes professional journals as a reliable source of information compared to general periodicals?

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