Concept

Scrupulous Piety (Wara) as the Antidote to Gluttony and Unlawful Gain in Jami's Haft Awrang Section 37

In Section 37 of Haft Awrang, Jami condemns the person whose sole aspiration is to fill the belly, so that the stomach becomes the true qibla toward which they bow even in prayer. Such a person eats whatever is set before them, lawful or unlawful, pure or defiled, asking only whether the morsel tastes good and not whether it is a sin, indifferent even when the food is seized by force from widows and the powerless. Against this gluttonous greed Jami sets scrupulous piety (wara): the discipline of weighing the lawfulness of one's sustenance rather than its flavor. This scrupulousness is presented as the inner force that breaks greed and covetousness and dispels the darkness of base desires.

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Updated 2026-07-19

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course