Concept

Self-Annihilation and the Metaphor of the Candle in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 42, Poem 5)

In Chapter 42, Poem 5 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet explores the Sufi theme of Fana (self-annihilation) through rich imagery. The lover's state is described using two contrasting metaphors: being 'drunk and ruined' (representing the ecstatic destruction of the self) and burning feverishly 'like a candle' (representing the agonizing yearning for the divine). The concluding couplet deepens this concept by emphasizing the complete departure of the soul or ego; once the lover's distinct self has been fully annihilated in the presence of the beloved, they transcend physical and visionary boundaries, to the point where they can no longer even be perceived in a dream.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course