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Self-Annihilation (Fana) in the Divine Ocean in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 4, Poem 18)
In Poem 18 of Chapter 4 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the metaphor of a diver is used to illustrate the spiritual seeker's process of self-annihilation (Fana). The diver 'losing his head' signifies the shedding of the ego, which enables swift and unhindered spiritual progress ('like lightning') within the divine ocean. The poem further emphasizes that when the divine essence directs its full presence toward the inner being of the seeker, it completely overwhelms and dissolves both the material and spiritual realms ('drowns both worlds').
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Updated 2026-07-03
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course