Self-efficacy is an individual’s subjective perception of his or her capability to perform in a given setting or to attain desired results, proposed by Albert Bandura as a primary determinant of emotional and motivational states and behavioral change.

Self-Efficacy

Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by an inflated self-concept of one’s own worth, a strong sense of entitlement, and a tendency to act selfishly. Narcissism is a spectrum with those at the highest end classified as having narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).

Narcissism

References for Self Efficacy

One’s description and evaluation of oneself, including psychological and physical characteristics, qualities, skills, roles and so forth. Self-concepts contribute to the individual’s sense of identity over time

Saint Louis University

References from APA for Clinical Psychology

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Clinical psychology. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/ed/graduate/specialize/clinical 

American Psychological Association: Clinical Psychology

Self-Concept 

Parenting style in which the parent or caregiver encourages a child’s autonomy yet still places certain limitations on behavior.

Authoritative Parenting

Parenting style in which the parent or caregiver is accepting and affirmative, makes few demands, and avoids exercising control.

 Permissive Parenting

Parenting style in which the parent or caregiver is unsupportive, fails to monitor or limit behavior, and is more attentive to his or her needs than those of the child.

Rejecting–Neglecting Parenting

Clegg, J. W. (2012). Teaching about mental health and illness through the history of the DSM. History of psychology, 15(4), 364. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027249

Teaching about mental health and illness through the history of the DSM

References for Domestic Violence & Mental Health

Parenting style in which the parent or caregiver stresses obedience, deemphasizes collaboration and dialogue, and employs strong forms of punishment. This style can create anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy children.

Authoritarian Parenting

Proposed by Diana Baumrind, this theory suggests that parenting styles are a significant factor in a child's socioemotional development and the formation of a healthy self-concept. The theory outlines four primary styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved, each describing a different approach to raising children.

Diana Baumrind's Theory of Parenting Styles

Convenience sampling is a common form of non-probability sampling where researchers study individuals who happen to be physically nearby and are readily willing to participate, such as college students in an introductory psychology course. While this approach is frequently used in psychological research due to its accessibility and efficiency, its main disadvantage is that the resulting sample may not accurately represent the broader population, severely limiting the ability to generalize the findings.

Learn Before

Related

Learn After