- IDUs decreased to 12% 2009 from 21% in 2005 p<.005
- Less HIV new IDUs in 2009 less than 2007 (15.8% v 34.2%)
- 2005 and 2007  20.9 per 100 then became 9 per 2009
- "Estonia saw decrease in new IDUs as SEP increase"

Ohio State University, Columbus

- Recruitment through surveys
- Blood sample collected for HIV testing
- Minimum requirements for participation: "18 years or older, be Russian or Estonian speakers, have injected drugs in the previous two months (one month in 2005), and be able to provide informed consent."
- Recuirted people and then provided coupons to

Methods for Estonia's Analysis of the Effectiveness of SEP 

“Syringe Services Programs (SSPs) FAQs.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 May 2019, www.cdc.gov/ssp/syringe-services-programs-faq.html. 

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