- IDUs decreased to 12% 2009 from 21% in 2005 p<.005
- Less HIV new IDUs in 2009 less than 2007 (15.8% v 34.2%)
- 2005 and 2007  20.9 per 100 then became 9 per 2009
- "Estonia saw decrease in new IDUs as SEP increase"

SEPs Positive Effect on HIV rates of New Injectors on IDU in Estonia

- Recruitment through surveys
- Blood sample collected for HIV testing
- Minimum requirements for participation: "18 years or older, be Russian or Estonian speakers, have injected drugs in the previous two months (one month in 2005), and be able to provide informed consent."
- Recuirted people and then provided coupons to

Ohio State University, Columbus

- Currently, more than 20 out of every 100 IDUs has HIV

Injection Drug USers in Estonia a prevalence of HIV

“Syringe Services Programs (SSPs) FAQs.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 May 2019, www.cdc.gov/ssp/syringe-services-programs-faq.html. 

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