In Golshan-e Raz, Mahmud Shabestari addresses the relationship between the Eternal (قدیم, God) and the Created or Temporal (محدث, the universe). He resolves the paradox of their separation by asserting that they are not truly separate, because the universe does not possess independent existence. Everything other than the Absolute Truth (God) is merely a name without reality, and existence itself is fundamentally singular and eternal. The perceived separation and plurality are merely conceptual and illusory, much like a single point of fire moving rapidly in a circle to appear as a continuous ring.