Example

Showing u29uv12v2u^2 - 9uv - 12v^2 Is a Prime Trinomial

Attempt to factor u29uv12v2u^2 - 9uv - 12v^2 by applying the two-variable trinomial factoring strategy. Because the first term is u2u^2, each binomial factor begins with uu. Because the last term contains v2v^2, the second term of each binomial must include vv. The last term of the trinomial is negative (12v2-12v^2), so the factors must have opposite signs.

Step 1 — Set up two binomials: (u_v)(u_v)(u\_v)(u\_v), where the blanks will be filled with coefficients of vv and the signs will be opposite.

Step 2 — Find two numbers that multiply to 12-12 and add to 9-9. List all factor pairs of 12-12 and check their sums:

Factors of 12-12Sum of factors
1,121, -121+(12)=111 + (-12) = -11
1,12-1, 121+12=11-1 + 12 = 11
2,62, -62+(6)=42 + (-6) = -4
2,6-2, 62+6=4-2 + 6 = 4
3,43, -43+(4)=13 + (-4) = -1
3,4-3, 43+4=1-3 + 4 = 1

None of the factor pairs produce a sum of 9-9.

Since no pair of integers has a product of 12-12 and a sum of 9-9, the trinomial u29uv12v2u^2 - 9uv - 12v^2 cannot be factored — it is a prime trinomial. This example shows that two-variable trinomials of the form x2+bxy+cy2x^2 + bxy + cy^2 can also be prime: the same exhaustive factor-pair check used for single-variable trinomials applies, and when no pair works, the trinomial is prime regardless of how many variables it contains.

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Updated 2026-04-29

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