Concept

Sign Pattern for Expanding by Minors

When evaluating a determinant by expanding by minors using any row or column, the signs of the terms in the expansion follow an alternating checkerboard pattern. For a 3×33 \times 3 determinant, this sign pattern begins with a positive sign in the top-left position and alternates across both rows and columns:

+++++\begin{vmatrix} + & - & + \\ - & + & - \\ + & - & + \end{vmatrix}

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Updated 2026-04-29

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