Pelvic inflammatory disease can be caused by a symptom of many infections. This disease involves pain in the lower abdomen, dysuria, vaginal discharge and fever. It can lead to infertility. 

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Salpingitis

Dysruia is burning, pain, and discomfort while urinating. They are common symptoms of bladder infections or cystitis. 

Dysuria

Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis. 

Epididymitis

Inflammation of the prostate gland. It can be a symptom of many different infections. 

Prostatitis

Often people with nongonococcal urethritis are asymptomatic and do not know they carry the disease. But common symptoms are: 
- purulent discharge
- dysuria

When left untreated, nongonococcal urethritis can cause:
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- salpingitis
- epididymitis
- prostatitis

University of Wisconsin - Madison

*Chlamydia trachomatis* can cause Nongonococcal urethritis. It also causes one of the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections, Chlamydia.  This bacterium can also cause an ocular disease, trachoma. The life cycle of *C. trachomatis* is shown below.

*Chlamydia trachomatis*

*Mycoplasma genitalium* is commonly found in microbiota in healthy people but can cause urethritis or vaginitis. it has been recorded to cause 20%-25% of nonchlamydial Nongonococcal urethritis cases. 

*Mycoplasma genitalium*

*Ureaplasma urealyticum* can be found in a normal healthy microbiota. However, it can cause urethritis. 

*Ureaplasma urealyticum*

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Signs and symptoms of nongonococcal urethritis

- polymorphic outer-membrane autotransporter proteins
- stress reponse proteins
- type III secretion effector proteins

Virulence factors of *Chlamydia trachomatis* Infection

- lymphogranuloma venereum
- urethritis
- salpingitis
- pelvic inflammatory disease

Signs and Symptoms of Chlamydia

*Mycoplasma genitalium* antigens are highly variable which allows them to evade the host immune system response. The membrane proteins in *M. genitalium* also are responsible for causing host inflammation and immune response.

Virulence factors of *Mycoplasma genitalium*

- ureaplasma proteins phospholipase A and C
- mutiple banded antigen
- urease
- immunoglobulin alpha-protease

Learn Before

Related

Learn After