Certain information provided by the culture is available to us in different instances, depending on the situation. 


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A theory which states that there are different levels of the effect of culture. Those levels are the universal level, the societal level, the situational level, and the individual level.

Culture-as-Situated-Cognition (CSC) Theory

Lin, Y., Zhang, Y. C., & Oyserman, D. (2021, October 7). Seeing Meaning Even When None May Exist: Collectivism Increases Belief in Empty Claims. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000280

Seeing Meaning Even When None May Exist: Collectivism Increases Belief in Empty Claims

This is the most all encompassing level of CSC. It states that culture is a way to ensure that universal needs are met, and that group membership is the key to survival. The mechanism which maintains this universal level of culture is collectivism.

Universal level of CSC

Culture is a way in which people can have a framework to make sense of the world, to know what to attend to, and which determines what is salient.

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