In Chapter 12, Poem 31 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet explores the barrier that personal thoughts and intellectual rumination create against true spiritual devotion. He questions where one can find a 'pure lover' or a 'living heart,' concluding that because humanity is enslaved by its own thoughts (بندهٔ اندیشهٔ خویش), genuine servants of God are exceedingly rare in both worlds.