Social marking is a concept that refers to whether problem structure matches or doesn't match the social rules affiliated with it. This concept explains that the logical structure is not what solely impacts the success of someone solving a problem. The structure of interaction with peer/others involved also matters. 

Grand Valley State University

According to the socio-cognitive view humans construct ideas about reality from interactions with others. These interactions create meaning that guide our view of the world. 

How we think under the socio-cognitive view

Perret-Clermont, A. N., Carugati, F., & Oates, J. (2004). A socio-cognitive perspective on learning and cognitive development. In Cognitive and language development in children (pp. 303-332). The Open University & Blackwell.

A socio-cognitive perspective on learning and cognitive development 

Sociocognitive conflict occurs when people have different views or ideas on the same object. This conflict can aid in learning, development, and social relations. These benefits, however, are only available under certain conditions depending of conflict regulation. 

Sociocognitive Conflict

Social Marking

Classrooms help construct ideas and meaning because there are a specific set of guidelines that social interactions in classrooms follow. There is also a particular dynamic between teacher and student that guides the formation of ideas. The asymmetrical relations within classroom conversations also helps influence this process of constructing ideas and meaning. 

Classrooms constructing ideas

Shared thinking refers to the model that individual thinking and cognition is actually a part of social functioning. This is related to your cultural environment, the presence of others, and the situation/technology used. 

Shared Thinking

Organization learning refers to an activity that is achieved by multiple people in one setting. This process can affect an individual's learning or cognition. This is especially true in reference to that organization's or social context's norms, values, and behaviors. 

Organizational Learning

1.Classical and operant conditioning
2. Learning through observation and vicarious reinforcement
3. Learning through structural change

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