Pelikan et al. (2021) said that students who were higher preformers showed high social relateness and willing to ask questions to their teachers. This was credited as a intrinsic difference of the students. However, in an American context there are racial and SES differences between which students will ask for help. People of higher SES or people who feel represented by their teachers (latinx teacher for a latinx student, etc) are more likely to ask questions or get clarification. This study never mentioned the demographics of their participants besides average age (M = 14.56) and gender (37.9% boys, 61.6% girls, 0.5% diverse). This study was also done in Austria, so there might be different group effects, but I would still expect some type of group affect.