Males do more self-deception for autonomy and status, and females do more impression management to build interpersonal relationships. 

New Mexico Highlands University

Interpersonal stress during adolescence affects adult mental health. During adolescence individuals form their ethnic-racial identity, pursue romantic relationships, and become more independent. Immigrants specifically may face discrimination and language barriers. 

Interpersonal Stress During Adolescence

Paulo, M., Vagos, P., Ribeiro Da Silva, D., & Rijo, D. (2020). The role of shame and shame coping strategies on internalizing/externalizing symptoms: Differences across gender in adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17(4), 578–597. https://doi-org.proxy.wichita.edu/10.1080/17405629.2019.1682991

The role of shame and shame coping strategies on internalizing/externalizing symptoms: Differences across gender in adolescents

This is a developmentally sensitive time as it builds foundational cognitive schemas, life history strategies, and physiological responses. 

Developmental Changes During Early and Middle Adolescence

Shame is feeling inferior. It can result from interactions. This can affect emotions, which influence behavior and can cause symptoms, either internal or external.

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