Example

Solving yy+6=72y2−36+4\frac{y}{y+6} = \frac{72}{y^2-36} + 4

Solve the rational equation yy+6=72y2−36+4\frac{y}{y+6} = \frac{72}{y^2-36} + 4 by applying the five-step strategy for equations with rational expressions. This example demonstrates a case where one of the two algebraic solutions turns out to be extraneous and must be discarded.

Step 1 — Identify restricted values. Factor the quadratic denominator using the difference of squares pattern: y2−36=(y−6)(y+6)y^2 - 36 = (y-6)(y+6). Setting each factor equal to zero gives y=6y = 6 and y=−6y = -6. Record y≠6y \neq 6 and y≠−6y \neq -6.

Step 2 — Find the LCD. The factored denominators are (y+6)(y+6) and (y−6)(y+6)(y-6)(y+6). Since the quadratic denominator already contains (y+6)(y+6) as a factor, the LCD is (y−6)(y+6)(y-6)(y+6).

Step 3 — Clear the fractions. Multiply every term on both sides by the LCD (y−6)(y+6)(y-6)(y+6) and cancel matching denominator factors:

(y−6)(y+6)⋅yy+6=(y−6)(y+6)⋅72(y−6)(y+6)+(y−6)(y+6)⋅4(y-6)(y+6) \cdot \frac{y}{y+6} = (y-6)(y+6) \cdot \frac{72}{(y-6)(y+6)} + (y-6)(y+6) \cdot 4

Simplify each term: on the left, (y+6)(y+6) cancels, leaving y(y−6)y(y-6). On the right, the first term's entire denominator cancels, leaving 7272, and the second term becomes 4(y−6)(y+6)=4(y2−36)4(y-6)(y+6) = 4(y^2 - 36):

y(y−6)=72+4(y2−36)y(y-6) = 72 + 4(y^2 - 36)

Step 4 — Solve the resulting equation. Distribute on both sides: y2−6y=72+4y2−144y^2 - 6y = 72 + 4y^2 - 144. Simplify the right side: y2−6y=4y2−72y^2 - 6y = 4y^2 - 72. Move all terms to one side: 0=3y2+6y−720 = 3y^2 + 6y - 72. Factor out the GCF of 33: 0=3(y2+2y−24)0 = 3(y^2 + 2y - 24). Factor the trinomial: 0=3(y+6)(y−4)0 = 3(y+6)(y-4). Apply the Zero Product Property:

y+6=0ory−4=0y + 6 = 0 \quad \text{or} \quad y - 4 = 0

y=−6ory=4y = -6 \quad \text{or} \quad y = 4

Step 5 — Check. The value y=−6y = -6 equals one of the restricted values recorded in Step 1, so it is an extraneous solution and must be discarded — substituting y=−6y = -6 would make the denominators (y+6)(y+6) and (y2−36)(y^2 - 36) equal zero.

Check y=4y = 4 in the original equation:

44+6=7242−36+4\frac{4}{4+6} = \frac{72}{4^2-36} + 4

410=72−20+4\frac{4}{10} = \frac{72}{-20} + 4

410=−3610+4010\frac{4}{10} = -\frac{36}{10} + \frac{40}{10}

410=410\frac{4}{10} = \frac{4}{10} ✓

The solution is y=4y = 4. This example illustrates a rational equation in which factoring the quadratic denominator y2−36y^2 - 36 as (y−6)(y+6)(y-6)(y+6) is the key first step. The resulting quadratic produces two candidate solutions, but one of them — y=−6y = -6 — coincides with a restricted value and is therefore extraneous. Unlike earlier examples where all solutions were valid, here the checking step eliminates one candidate, leaving a single valid solution.

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Updated 2026-04-30

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