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Sorrow, Wine, and Ultimate Repentance in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 44, Poem 30)
In this quatrain, Attar employs the motif of wine (spiritual intoxication) and the Cupbearer (Saqi) to navigate profound spiritual sorrow. The speaker's heart has 'turned to blood', a Persian metaphor for deep suffering or longing. By requesting the full measure of wine, the speaker seeks complete immersion in spiritual ecstasy.
A notable literary device in this poem is the wordplay: 'From the Qaf of the flagon (quraba / قرابه) to its Ha (ه)'. The poet playfully refers to the first (ق) and last (ه) letters of the word for flagon, symbolizing a request to drink its entirety. Paradoxically, this complete intoxication is presented as the prerequisite for ultimate repentance (tawba) at the end, highlighting the Sufi theme of passing through worldly suffering and spiritual annihilation to achieve true purification and return to the Divine.
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course