Price points out that, in understanding space as political-relational, space is inseparable from time and relations. Price also notes that this inseparability relates to materialist rhetorics and the idea that space is relational if we are not centering humans or animals as the only beings with animacy and agency.

Doreen Massey uses the phrase geographies of responsibility to call into conversation the idea that constructions of space are never ethically neutral but instead are echoes of histories, possibilities, and harms that took shape through the building of a space.

Geographies of Responsibility

The subcodes Price included under time were:
- Academic clock 
- Conditional time 
- Duration of disability or illness
- Duration of obtaining accommodation(s)
- Duration of using accommodation(s)
- Flexibility
- Pace
- Planning ahead
- Redistribution of course load or work duties
- Repetition/frequency
- Single chance for something
- Stamina
- Suddeness
- Time of day
- Time off during the workday
- Time off (longer term)
- Unpredictability
- Time - Other

Time Subcodes

Material/materiality refers to how we exist in the world and our embodied realities, notably material/materiality is not meant to mention labels put on our experience or how we sort our selves into groups.

Material

Price, M. (2024). Crip Spacetime. Duke University Press.

Crip Spacetime

As an illustrative example, scholar of Indigenous rhetorics, Andrea Riley Mukavetz, points out that highways are situated within histories of gathering people, tearing down neighborhoods they run through, and remaking and shaping, in sometimes violent ways, how individuals relate to space as they bisect communities. 

Example of Geographies of Responsibility: Highways

Space as Political-Relational and Time

The term academic clock generally refers to the time it is expected, for white male non-disabled students, faculty, or academic staff, to reach a point in their academic career - for instance the tenure clock, which is the policy in most universities that a tenure-track professor is up for tenure review seven years after the start their job at that university, or the time it is expected a student will take to earn their degree. Not abiding by an academic clock can have real consequences - having to take out more in student loans, having a poor tenure review, or being seen as less than peers.

Academic Clock

Conditional time is the idea that if x happens then y will happen. 

Conditional Time

Price proposes that the interaction between time and disability, in particular expectations set around time by academic institutions, can cause harm in various ways and that these harms are rarely perceived by those not experiencing these harms or not until a disaster occurs

Harms of Time

Slow Professoring, introduced by Maggie Bergs and Barbara K. Seeber, is a proposed way of asserting Crip Spacetime and Crip Time within academic spaces that often punish slowness by centering deliberation and slowness over acceleration in academic work.

Slow Professoring

Price offers the framing of the Accommodations Loop as a predictable pattern that came forward in interviews around the intertwining of time and accommodations in academia. The Accommodations Loop is made up of five concrete experiences and events: Time-sensitive needs;, Slow system, Emotional cost, Employee uses own resources, and Employee may leave job. In formatting this loop as a figure eight Price signals that these are not discrete or linear events rather disabled academics are in constant travel through these events.

Accommodations Loop

Ambient uncertainty can also occur across time; for instance, previous marginalizing experiences can lead to the perception of a consistent risk of that marginalization occuring again. Alternatively, previous marginalization (for instance, not being accommodated at work) can lead to more marginalization (for instance, experiencing poverty).

Ambient Uncertainty and Time

Becoming can be originally attributed to theorists Gilles Deleuze and Feliz Guattari but Price is choosing to use the definition offered by Nirmala Erevelles that draws on feminist-of-color and crip-of-color works. Erevelles described becoming by saying that we can understand race and disability as entangled because in the American context the racialized violence and the materiality of that violence that occurred during the Middle Passage, used to describe the forced trafficking of enslaved people from Africa, is seen as the original space of difference, so disability as a construct should be understood as not coming after or as a consequence of Middle Passage but through Middle Passage. Erevelles' theory foregrounds the importance of recognizing specific political, historical, and material contexts. 

Theory of Becoming

Kerschbaum argues that discourse extends beyond spoken or written language to encompass material objects, body language, and physical environments. By integrating perspectives from materialist disability studies and critical phenomenology, the author offers a theoretical counterbalance to purely social constructionist models, arguing that the material world serves as an "active co-participant" in the construction of disability. This approach insists on recognizing the "shared world-making" that occurs between material realities and social constructions.

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