1) Neuroanatomical Factors 
     a) Atypical Functional Brain Organization 
     b) Structural Abnormalities 
2) Postnatal Environmental Factors 
     a) Effect of Exposure to Auditory Stimuli in Intensive Care Units 
     b) Dysfunctional Caregiver-Infant Relationship  

Causes of Differences in Preterm Born Children's Language Development 

Every year, approximately 15 million babies are born Preterm (PT). Considering this large number, many studies have been conducted to examine the consequences of PT birth. This paper explains the deficits in the language development of PT children by focusing on "Neuroanatomical" and "Postnatal Environmental" factors. 

Saint Olaf College

a communication disorder that interferes with the development of language skills in children who have no hearing loss or intellectual disabilities. SLI can affect a child's speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

Specific Language Impairment (SLI)

Vandormael, C., Schoenhals, L., Hüppi, P. S., Filippa, M., & Borradori Tolsa, C. (2019). Language in Preterm Born Children: Atypical Development and Effects of Early Interventions on Neuroplasticity. Neural plasticity, 2019, 6873270. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6873270


Language in Preterm Born Children: Atypical Development and Effects of Early Interventions on Neuroplasticity (2019)

SSLI (specific speech and language impairment) exists in D/HH (deaf and hard of hearing) who use sign language and can be treated as independent from the hearing loss. Intervention is effective in supporting language acquisition in a child who signs with SSLI.

SLI in Children Who Use Sign

Children ages 8 and 9 are receptive to individualized narrative interventions. Grammar elements of the stories were assessed and data from interventions at each of the 3 sessions conducted were collected. Although there were varied results from each session, with continued therapies, a narrative based intervention can help with memory and grammar skills in children with verbal and written SLI. 

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