First building block of theoretical estimand is a quantity defined by the unit for each population. 
- The quantity might be descriptive (units that summarize a given data set), or it might be casual.
- Unit Specific quantities can be any function of realized variables 

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Details a proposed link between theory and evidence 

Estimands Link to Theory and Evidence 

Lundberg, I., Johnson, R., & Stewart, B. (2020, January 7). What is Your Estimand? Defining the Target Quantity Connects Statistical Evidence to Theory. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ba67n

What is your Estimand? Defining the target Quantity Connects Statistical Evidence to Theory  

In this section of the article, it explains the most important step of empirical research of the research question. 
- The clarity of the question important because there is no single analysis on one topic to prove or "undermine" this topic. 
- One must be clear about whether the inferences are casual (the process of determining the independent effect of a phenomenon)- must state a hypothetical intervention (hypothetical setting) 
- Before creating a statistical procedure, one must you have to define the "thing" that you are trying to measure. 
- Without this language, researchers tend to get confused and have constraints of regression. 
- Stating the theoretical estimand, is able to clarify two points: (1) the unit-specific quantity and (2) the target population 

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