Concept

Spiritual Bewilderment and the Paradox of Divine Proximity in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 31, Poem 36)

In Chapter 31, Poem 36 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the speaker articulates a profound mystical paradox: possessing the Divine yet lacking the experiential "scent" or direct sensation of intimate union. The metaphor of wandering "bewildered around the world like a ball" highlights the mystic's utter dependence and lack of independent volition. This state of Hayrah (bewilderment) emphasizes the agony of a lover who is entirely devoted to the Beloved and holds the "kingdom of the two worlds," yet remains agonizingly deprived of a direct, tangible encounter.

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Updated 2026-07-05

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course