Concept

Spiritual Bewilderment and Thirst in the Divine Ocean in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 29, Poem 4)

In Chapter 29, Poem 4 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet explores the mystical state of bewilderment (tahayyur). The seeker experiences a paradox where union gives way to separation and wandering in the desert of perplexity. Using the metaphor of a diver unable to breathe underwater, the poem illustrates the agony of the mystic who is fully immersed in the divine ocean yet perishes from unquenchable spiritual thirst, unable to fully comprehend or consume the infinite divine presence.

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Updated 2026-07-05

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course