Concept

Spiritual Fortitude and Embracing Affliction in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 18, Poem 13)

In Chapter 18, Poem 13 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet emphasizes the necessity of spiritual fortitude and the abandonment of worldly delicacy and weakness on the mystical path. He uses the contrast between "manliness" (مردانه) and "weakness" (مخنثی) to illustrate the rigorous demands of the spiritual journey. Furthermore, Attar asserts that the seeker must willingly subject themselves to divine decree (قضا) and affliction (بلا), offering their soul as a shield against the arrows of destiny and their heart as a target for tribulation. This reflects the Sufi concept of absolute surrender and the embracing of hardship as a means of spiritual purification and drawing closer to the Divine.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course