Concept

Spiritual Liberation and the Metaphors of the Parrot and Peacock in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 10, Poem 39)

In Chapter 10, Poem 39 of Farid al-Din Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet employs vivid avian metaphors to describe the process of spiritual liberation. The soul is likened to a "parrot" escaping the "cage" of physical existence, while the heart is compared to a "peacock" breaking free from worldly "snares." Attar suggests that true happiness and spiritual release are achieved when the seeker transcends societal constructs, such as the afflictions of "shame and fame" (ننگ و نام). This detachment from worldly reputation allows the inner spiritual essence to soar free from the constraints of the material world.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course