Generally speaking, depression is an overall feeling of sadness. More specifically, those with depression tend to experience several things such as: an increase or decrease in weight, troubles with concentration, feelings of meaninglessness or worthlessness, thoughts of death or suicide, and so on. 

Depression

Tricyclic (or heterocyclic) antidepressants inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and/or norepinephrine, and are thus called due to their three (or more)-ring chemical structure. Some examples include:

- Amitriptyline (Elavil) 
- Nortriptyline (Aventyl)
- Maprotiline hydrochloride (Ludiomil)
- Desipramine hydrochloride (Norpramin)
- Clomipramine (Anafranil)

A similar drug is Bupropion (Wellbutrin), which is an aminoketone that weakly blocks norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine reuptake.

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) work by blocking the reabsorption of the neurotransmitter serotonin into neurons. This increases the levels of serotonin in the brain. 

SSRIs include:

- Citalopram

- Escitalopram

- Fluoxetine

- Paroxetine

- Sertraline

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

St. John's wort has shown promise as an affordable herbal treatment for depression, being compared to tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs, particularly with less severe forms of the disorder. However, it is also known to interact with several other drugs.

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- St. John's Wort
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- S-Adenosyl Methionine
- Valerian
- Melatonin
- Ginkgo Biloba

Examples of Alternative Medicines

Mischoulon D. (2018). Popular herbal and natural remedies used in psychiatry. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing), 16(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20170041

Popular Herbal and Natural Remedies Used in Psychiatry

St. John's Wort

A key family of polyunsaturated fats. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are all beneficial in hindering the progressive of degenerative disorders, and have shown some evidence of being useful in treating mental illnesses such as mood disorders. 

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

S-adenosyl methionine has shown some promise in treating depression comparably to tricyclic antidepressants, especially in cases of unipolar depression or comorbid depression with other illnesses. It has been found to be well-tolerated and safe to use in conjunction with other drug treatments.

S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe)

Valerian is used as a natural treatment for sleep issues, having sedative and hypnotic qualities that some studies have shown to be comparable to benzodiazepines. Although generally well-tolerated, some cases of severe adverse reactions have been documented.

Valerian

Ginkgo biloba is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a treatment for symptoms of dementia and for its supposed nootropic effects. Although research supporting its positive effect on cognitive function is limited and unclear, the supplement is generally well-tolerated and safe to use in most populations, barring those with bleeding disorders. 

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)

Melatonin is a hormone that is used to treat insomnia due to its hypnotic and sedative effects. Although findings regarding its efficacy in different populations have been mixed, it is generally well-tolerated, barring some rare adverse reactions especially among immunocompromised individuals.

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