During stage 1, people would normally have large amount if HIV in their blood and are very contagious. Some people may have flu-like symptoms, some may not experience anything at all. 


Stage 1 of HIV Infection

During stage 2, HIV is still active, however, it reproduces at a slower rate than before. Without medicine, this stage can last more than ten years without any symptoms, however, the disease can still be transmitted. Afterwards, the amount of HIV will increase again and the cells responsible for the immune response will decrease. The person will start experiencing symptoms and move onto stage 3.  With medicine, people would not move onto stage 3 of the infection. 

Stage 2 of HIV Infection 

During stage 3, people are more likely to catch and experience severe illnesses as their immune system is sacrificed.

Stage 3 of HIV Infection 

According to the CDC, there are three stages of HIV infections:
- Stage 1 – Acute HIV Infection
- Stage 2 – Chronic HIV Infection
- Stage 3 - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)


University of Rochester

According to the CDC, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attack’s the infected person’s immune system. With proper care, one can manage their HIV symptoms and protect their families, however, when not treated HIV leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, also known as AIDS. 

HIV/AIDS 

-	About HIV/AIDS | HIV Basics | HIV/AIDS | CDC. Cdc.gov. Retrieved 31 August 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html.

-	Greene, W. (2007), A history of AIDS: Looking back to see ahead. Eur. J. Immunol., 37: S94-S102. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200737441

-	HIV/AIDs Timeline | NPIN. Npin.cdc.gov. Retrieved 31 August 2021, from https://npin.cdc.gov/pages/hiv-and-aids-timeline#1980.

-	Impact on Racial and Ethnic Minorities. HIV.gov. Retrieved 31 August 2021, from https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/impact-on-racial-and-ethnic-minorities.

-	Parkins, K. (2021). Moderna set to start human trials of experimental mRNA HIV vaccine. Clinical Trials Arena. Retrieved 31 August 2021, from https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/moderna-hiv-vaccine/. 

-	Tomar, A., Spadine, M. N., Graves-Boswell, T., & Wigfall, L. T. (2021). COVID-19 among LGBTQ+ individuals living with HIV/AIDS: psycho-social challenges and care options. AIMS public health, 8(2), 303–308. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2021023


HIV/AIDS References

Stages of HIV 

A recent article by Tomar et al. (2021) highlighted the importance of providing LGBTQ+ individuals with HIV with support and resources to alleviate the difficulties Covid-19 may have brought. Some issues they highlighted were lack of social isolation, HIV medications, as well as lack of mental health services that could have impacted LGBTQ+ community especially worse.

LGBTQ+ community and the Covid-19 Pandemic

In 1981, the first report was published describing an individual gay man in LA experiencing flu-like symptoms. Later that year CDC formed a task force to address the issue and more and more reports came out. Gay men were particularly blamed on TV, and little was done to protect or help them. 


Early events of HIV/AIDS in the USA and the LGBTQ+ community 

After the development of the Covid-19 vaccine, Moderna has undertaken the task of developing HIV vaccine. They are currently recruiting people for their trials. 

HIV Vaccine Development

In the last few years, the impact of HIV/AIDS has been  especially hard for the people of color. According to reports, in 2018, African Americans accounted for 41% of people with HIV, even though they are only 13% of the US population. Similarly, Hispanics/Lations represent 13% of the population, yet they account for the 23% of people diagnosed with HIV. To address the issue, it is important to provide education about HIV/AIDS in minority populations, as well as address stigma, discrimination, and racism. Cultural competency is also an important aspect as it will allow the researchers to understand the specific needs of the affected populations. 

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