A planned analysis is a statistical test conducted to evaluate a specific relationship or difference that was expected in the researcher's original hypothesis. For example, computing means and a Cohen's $$d$$ to test an expected difference between conditions, or calculating Pearson's $$r$$ for an anticipated correlation, are planned analyses.

Planned Analysis

Descriptive statistics are a set of quantitative techniques used to summarize, organize, and visually display the data collected from a research sample. Important examples include measures of central tendency (such as the mean, median, and mode), which describe average scores, and measures of dispersion (such as the range, standard deviation, and variance), which indicate how spread apart the scores are.

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential statistics are a set of mathematical techniques used by researchers to determine whether a statistical result or relationship observed in a study's sample reflects something that is genuinely true of the broader population.

Inferential Statistics

Once experimental data is collected across different groups, it undergoes statistical analysis. This crucial process determines if the observed outcome differences between the testing conditions are meaningful, systematic, and genuinely related to the independent variable rather than being due to random chance.

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Patients with previously diagnosed monogenic inflammatory diseases and non-immunologically determined phenotypes that were associated with type I IFN signaling were tested. Controls were selected from a diverse group without preexisting medical conditions. Samples from parents and siblings of patients with autosomal dominant interferonopathies who were themselves negative for the mutation were collected. 

Methodology of Crowe Article

Rice GI, Melki I, Frémond ML, Briggs TA, Rodero MP, Kitabayashi N, Oojageer A, Bader-Meunier B, Belot A, Bodemer C, Quartier P, Crow YJ. Assessment of Type I Interferon Signaling in Pediatric Inflammatory Disease. J Clin Immunol. 2017 Feb;37(2):123-132. doi: 10.1007/s10875-016-0359-1. Epub 2016 Dec 9. PMID: 27943079; PMCID: PMC5325846.

Assessment of Type I Interferon Signaling in Pediatric Inflammatory Disease

Parham, P. (2009). Vaccination to Prevent Infectious Disease. In 1145902806 862124677 J. Foltin (Ed.), The Immune System (3rd ed., pp. 62-65). New York, New York: Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group.

The Immune System

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

- Group I
- Group II
- Group III
- Control Group


Sample Populations

Statistical Analysis

A majority of patients in groups II and III were receiving immunosuppression therapy. However, most patients with diagnoses of JSLE and JDM presented with persistent upregulation of interferon signaling regardless of the immunosuppressive treatment. Certain patients with sJIA did present with upregulated ISG expression even with IL1 blockers. Additionally, the interferon score should not be mistaken for other sensitive assays that can identify the disease-inducing molecule. The IS relates to the expression of ISGs and can be used, in conjunction with other technology, to describe the relationship between the inducing signal and the subsequent response. 

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