The FtsZ protein is a protein that facilitates division by assembling a FtsZ protein ring to define the division plane in the middle of the cell.

FtsZ protein

The cleavage furrow is where the elongated cell begins to pinch off on each side, beginning to divide into two.

Cleavage Furrow

The divisome is formed when other proteins are added to the FtsZ ring,  which then activates the building of the peptidoglycan cell wall, later forming the septum. 

Divisome

The formation of the septum is important as it ensures that each new daughter cell will receive a copy of the full parental genome. One of each set of chromosomes is anchored to one side of cell, and a septum is formed down the middle of the elongated cell, giving the cell a place to divide.

The process of binary fission can be organized into three main stages: 
1) Duplication and Elongation 
2) Septum Formation 
3) Cell Separation

Stages of Binary Fission

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During the first stage of binary fission, the cell will duplicate each of its cellular components, including its circular chromosome (DNA). In order to accommodate the space needed for these new components, the cell will elongate into an oval shape.

Stage 1: Duplication and Elongation

Stage 2: Septum Formation

Cell separation occurs with cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, along the previously formed septum.

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