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Structuring a Sample from Input and Output Segments

During fine-tuning, each data sample from the tuning dataset (denoted as Dtune\mathcal{D}_{\mathrm{tune}}) is conceptually divided into two distinct components: an input segment, represented as xsample\mathbf{x}_{\mathrm{sample}}, and an output segment, represented as ysample\mathbf{y}_{\mathrm{sample}}. These segments are then structured as a single sequence for model processing, typically by concatenating them, which is formally expressed as: sample=[ysample,xsample]\mathrm{sample} = [\mathbf{y}_{\mathrm{sample}}, \mathbf{x}_{\mathrm{sample}}].

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Updated 2026-04-19

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Ch.2 Generative Models - Foundations of Large Language Models

Foundations of Large Language Models

Foundations of Large Language Models Course

Computing Sciences