females tend to have more test anxiety than males despite having better study habits. this may be due to societal norms and expectations for females vs males in that males are subject to suppress their emotions and have lower expectations compared to their female counterparts who are more emotional and the expectation that girls take school more seriously.

test anxiety based on gender

undergraduates were split into two groups based on their effectiveness of their study habits. those who had effective study habits had less test anxiety, specifically the emotional(worry) levels of test anxiety. this led to better academic performance because they were more confident that they would know what is on the test compared to their counterparts who had ineffective study habits

New York University

Numan, A., Hasan, S.S. (2017).  Effect of Study Habits on Test Anxiety and Academic Achievement of Undergraduate Students. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education. 11(1), 1-14.

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