Any property that makes up a concrete entity or "thing".

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- substantial properties
- formal properties
- intrinsic properties
- mutual (relational) properties

Types of Properties in an Ontological Construct

In Ontology, "thing" refers to a concrete entity. Things are made up of properties. Typically any domain contains concrete things and the relationships (or links) between them. concrete things are determined by one's perceptions of the object or entity. 

The Ontological Construct of "Thing"

Wand, Y., Storey, V. C., & Weber, R. (1999). An ontological analysis of the relationship construct in conceptual modeling. ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), 24(4), 494-528.

An ontological analysis of the relationship construct in conceptual modeling

Substantial Properties in an Ontological Construct

Attributes or properties of conceptual things. For example, properties of a mathematical equation. 

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