Any property that makes up a concrete entity or "thing".

Substantial Properties in an Ontological Construct

Attributes or properties of conceptual things. For example, properties of a mathematical equation. 

Formal Property in an Ontological construct

- substantial properties
- formal properties
- intrinsic properties
- mutual (relational) properties

San Jose State University

In Ontology, “property” refers to a fact about an individual or “thing.” These facts or possessions depend on the existence of individuals or “things.”

The Ontological Construct of "Property"

Wand, Y., Storey, V. C., & Weber, R. (1999). An ontological analysis of the relationship construct in conceptual modeling. ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), 24(4), 494-528.

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