Concept

Sufi Metaphor of the Mole (Khaal) in Golshan-e Raz

In Mahmud Shabestari's Golshan-e Raz, the 'mole' (خال - Khaal) on the beloved's cheek serves as a profound Sufi allegory. It represents the point of absolute divine unity (نقطه وحدت), which is simple, indivisible, and acts as the true origin and center of the universe's circle. Just as a single dark mole contrasts with and enhances the beauty of a face, this singular, hidden divine reality is the essence from which the entire cosmos and the human heart emanate, while the essence itself remains strictly one and devoid of any multiplicity.

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Updated 2026-07-02

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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course