This study looks to understand the way that discrimination can create long-lasting outcomes on childhood development, particularly for BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color) youth. Structural/systemic, interpersonal, and internalized racism are the main focus of the study. Recognizing that racial discrimination is intertwined with school quality, access to healthcare, and other basic necessities is key to their study.

Overall, the study concluded that, due to the “unrelenting stress” of racial discrimination that BIPOC youth face on a daily basis, there are long-term adverse impacts to their neurological development — particularly on psychological and psychosocial levels. The study particularly mentions the impact of negative media representation, and a strong correlation between an increase in the killings of unarmed African American/Black people and an increase in African American/Black emergency room visits.