Yoga is a mind-body based physical activity that has demonstrated a variety of physiological, psychological and cognitive health benefits. The current study aimed to determine the differences in gray matter volume of the hippocampus, thalamus and other areas involved in brain activation during the Sternberg working memory task.

Gray matter volume differences were observed in the left hippocampus, showing greater volume in experienced yoga practitioners compared to non-practitioners. Reaction time and accuracy on the task did not differ between the groups.

All in all, results suggested an association between regular long-term yoga practice and differential structure and function of specific brain regions involved in executive function, specifically working memory, which has previously shown to improve with yoga practice.