They accessed the database of ScienceDirect, Elsevier in October of 2014. They extracted a total of 955 articles. Most papers have a note (Retraction Note) that details the reason why a paper was retracted. Three different categories for reason of retraction were established: ethical misconduct, scientific distortion, and administrative error. Year of retraction was determined by the Retraction Note. Altmetric data was collected using Mike Thelwall’s Webometrics Analyst, which has data from both Altmetric.com and Mendeley. Data from Mendeley was extracted four times between 2014 and 2018, and data from Altmetric.com was extracted once in January of 2018.