Concept

The Absolute Existence of God and the Impossibility of Duality in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 7, Poem 4)

In Chapter 7, Poem 4 of the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar asserts the absolute nature of divine existence and the impossibility of duality (the co-existence of God and another). The poem states that in the presence of divine knowledge and zeal, human knowledge and significance are reduced to unawareness and insignificance. Because God is the only true reality, the existence of any independent 'other' is impossible, expressing the ultimate state of mystical unity.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course