Concept

The Allegory of the Governor's Servants and the Madman in Manteq al-Tayr

This allegory from Attar's Manteq al-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) tells the story of a destitute, ragged madman who observes the lavishly dressed and well-cared-for servants of the Governor of Khorasan. Upon learning their master's identity, the madman audaciously tells God to look at the earthly governor to learn how to properly care for His servants. The narrative exemplifies the Sufi archetype of the 'divaneh' (wise fool), whose pure, unmediated relationship with the Divine allows him to speak with a bold intimacy and humor, challenging conventional piety to highlight the severe trials of the spiritual path.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course